[32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. The An Lushan Rebellion. 336 BC323 BC. Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. Kangju) and Bukhara (). He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. His mother was a Turkic Shaman, and belonged to the nobility of a Turkish clan. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. His actions led to two princesses of the royal clan, who were married to Khitan and Xi leaders as part of the heqin policy, being executed in retaliation,[33] and both groups rebelled in 745, though An defeated them. Pivoting to the West after the execution of his ambassadors by the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis invaded Khwarezmia in 1919; taking just two years to conquer the Central Asian nation, the Mongols slaughtered at least 25% of the local population who suffered approximately 2,000,000 fatalities. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. Gaining momentum, the Xian besieged Nanjing in May 1862; despite efforts to break the siege by the superior Taiping numbers, the Qing loyalists held firm. What is a crown prince?" 1: Trial by Battle, J. 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Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. An Lushan rose through the ranks of the Tang-dynasty The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also significant associated The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. In the meantime our Twitter, Facebook, and Sunday Digest feature excellent content that has already been written! Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. [15], An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang's second cousin Yang Guozhong. He moved rapidly along the Grand Canal of China and captured the city of Luoyang within the year. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Roberts. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan The Dungan This is exactly what I was looking for!! An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. and 1/2 cup of nuts. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. Wang, instead, led the troops himself to Xiongwu in advance of the rendezvous date and, after participating in the building project, returned with the soldiers, and submitted reports to Emperor Xuanzong that he believed An was planning treason. | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). Press J to jump to the feed. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. The long-term However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. (This order was against the advice of Geshu, Guo, and Li Guangbi that the proper strategy was to secure Tong Pass and let Guo and Li Guangbi capture the Yan territory to the north.) Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. Okay something I do not get about it. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. There were many occasions when a major change could have As Zhang believed that he was obese, he did not dare to eat too much while in Zhang's presence, and this drew Zhang's favor. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. Thanks. Emperor Xuanzong commissioned the general Feng Changqing as military governor of Fanyang and Pinglu, intending to have him replace An after An's rebellion was defeated. As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. You must log in or register to reply here. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. WebKey Points. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. ; In addition to natural With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. Note that this is an estimate made by western observers. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. The Revolt of An Lushan. 2005. Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. 142,000+. In an effort to quickly establish peace after the Rebellion, the Tang dynasty pardoned many rebels, and put some of them in command of their own garrisons, eroding the authority of the central government. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. Zhong, Han. Press J to jump to the feed. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. Matsui 1981. He was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, and during frequent visits to the capital, became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. After my death, he will be your emperor." The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) Faced with the threat of divided loyalties, on January 1, 1851, the Qing Green Standard Army attacked the God Worshiping Society at Jintian; in response to this provocation, Hong proclaimed himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace and sent forth his armies against the Qing. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." Zhang took him in and treated him like a son. The rebellion spanned the reigns of three emperors, starting during the reign of Xuanzong and ending during the reign of Daizong. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. [30] Why do you want to cane An Lushan to death?" He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. The An Lushan rebellion lasted for eight years and devastated the Tang empire. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. Often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare or! Luoyang within the year the census put the population of China at ~53 before... 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