But even though the Kurdish people have laid claim to this contiguous territory for centuries, they have no recognized nation of their own. Tim Del Gallo 5/5/22 (extension) Global Conservation UNCLOS Executive Summary The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided many answers to a confusing question. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . C. Identify and explain one challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Sounds bad, right? So what is the answer? Historically occupied the independent, Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the, The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the. Everything you need for your studies in one place. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. [88], Some would include the Jews until the 1948 Israeli declaration of independence,[89] however others would point out that different groups of Jews have very different characteristics such as languages, cultures, and territories, rendering the idea that all Jews constitute a single nation questionable. The Tamil Genocide by Sri Lanka: The Global Failure to Protect Tamil Rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter self determination. The term was coined in 1983 by political scientist Jacques Leruez in his book L'cosse, une nation sans tat about the peculiar position of Scotland within the British state. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. These cases typically have involved violent or deceptive removal tactics such as those used historically by the US. Examples of such stateless nation are Scotland, Hawaii, Taiwan, Tibet, and Chiapas. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary. What countries have stateless people? When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). Hundreds of thousands of Roma were killed in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. Individuals or communities often possess legal land titles. And this is just another day in the life of a stateless nation. In his thought-provoking "A nationless state? People can become stateless through a variety of . The history books your country uses tell lies about you. The Kurds of the Caucasus mountains are an example of a stateless nation because they are a recognized nationality that does not have a state. Each year, the UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award recognizes several individuals, groups or organizations that have shown exceptional dedication in protecting and assisting refugees, internally displaced or stateless people. For a community lacking a government, see, Consequences of colonialism and imperialism, Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status. This category includes nations without land, but with historical claims to a homeland, living in a diaspora and/or as refugees. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Some of them see themselves as part of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in it. Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the Kurds as mountain Turks. Kurdish attempts to achieve autonomy have been ruthlessly suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell. Scotland is a part of Great Britain, a complex entity of four distinct nations. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. Israel's illegal annexation of East Jerusalem in 1967 and the Golan Heights in 1981 led to the application of Israeli civil legislation in these occupied territories. [3][4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country. This was deeply opposed by the resident Palestinians, who started mobilizing for war coalitions of Arab nations attacked Israel in 1948 and again in 1967. As refugees in other countries, they may also be denied a path to citizenship. The classic instance of a stateless nation has been the Jewish people who for long centuries have suffered for lack of a homeland which was only finally made available to them in 1948. Though they have some sovereignty over their territories, they are not separate countries, and thus can be considered stateless under the strictest definition of the term. The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, Part 3. They were stripped of their nationality on February 9 and 15. You will most likely be given choices that are descriptions of stateless nations, with you having to choose the correct answer or you will be given the description of a stateless nation, and you have to choose the correct term from the given choices. You should also be familiar with a state as an independent political unit occupying a defined, permanently populated territory with full sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. Two very critical countries do not: Israel, which considers the whole of Palestine as "occupied territories" within its borders; and the United States, which refuses to recognize Palestinian independence. By 2019, more than 730,000 Rohingya fled the Rakhine state in Myanmar to escape brutal persecution, including the raiding and burning of entire villages. Minor Human Rights Violations. An example of a stateless nation is the Kurds. There are also numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. This is considered insulting or worse. Nations without state are classified as fourth-world nations. Regional autonomy in Wales. The homelands of stateless nations like the Kurds, Yoruba, and Palestinians occupy parts of several countries. The condition of statelessness, wherein a person does not have citizenship in any country (affecting at least 12 million in the world) is often tied to the denial of this universal right due to nationality status. An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. In total, there are more than 10 million people that are denied a nationality; however, the UNHCR made an announcement that they hope to end statelessness by 2024. [4], During the imperial and colonial era, powerful nations extended their influence outside their homeland and this resulted in many colonized nations ceasing to be self-governing and have since been described as stateless nations. Over 90% of the 3,000 or so ethnic nations in the world are technically stateless under this definition. The Kurds are the largest stateless nation. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Part 4. In the case of Brazil, many nations, particularly in the Amazon, only learned that such a thing as a "country" existed upon contact with Brazilian outsiders, sometimes in recent decades. The favoring of a united single state is also associated with unionism (Pakistani nationalism, Indian nationalism, Chinese nationalism,[32] British nationalism, Spanish nationalism, Russian nationalism). Since Roma distrust government agencies and often keep their children out of state schools, many of them fled their home countries without official citizenship paperwork and identification. Three of them, plus their coach, were stateless. The letters dispatched by the (Hangtumyahang) presidend. Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home(e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong). Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. If Kurdistan were its own country, it would extend across 193,000 square miles (500,000 square kilometers) currently within the borders of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northern Syria and northwestern Iran. There are 193 member states in the United Nations, but only around 20 are, strictly speaking, nation-states, meaning states (government + geographical territory) with a single ethnic nation inhabiting the territory. Chuck Holton has spent two decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries. Kurds got the short end of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn and redrawn. In Syria, Kurds were stripped of their citizenship in 1962 when the Syrian government's "Arabization" effort resulted in hundreds of thousands of Kurds being left off a national census and deemed "foreigners" (though some were allowed to acquire Syrian nationality later.) Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. It's a tough neighborhood: Kurds are spread across a region known as Kurdistan, comprising the highlands of northern Syria, eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. The US, for example, is a multinational state, because it contains hundreds of Native American nations. It focused on how problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many. The Kurds, numbering an estimated 20 million Kurds, are commonly seen as the world's largest nation without a state. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. The Stateless Nation: A Future for the Kurds Iran has been playing with fire for a hundred years specifically, Iranian state policy towards the Iranian Kurdish community is a recipe for disaster. ; a nationless state country uses tell lies about you were stateless of national political systems but. 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