The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C. Natesan The 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' by the Justice Party in December 1916 became an important document which would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. While we dissociate ourselves entirely from unauthorised Indian Constitution-making, which seems to be a favourite occupation with a certain class of politicians, we must say that we are strongly in favour of progressive political development of ax well-defined policy of trust in the people, qualified by prudence, and of timely and liberal concessions in the wake of proved fitness. Periyar felt happy in the elevation of people like me, who hail from the most backward community. Advertisement Remove all ads. %PDF-1.5 17. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. non brahmin manifesto was issued by whom. The other was The South India Liberal Federation, which was "to promote the interests of non-Brahmin Caste Hindus" .The first issue of the paper called Justice appeared on February 26, 1917. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <>stream Non-Brahmin Manifesto was proclaimed by Sir Pitti.Theagarayar, narrating the social conditions of non-brahmins in the erstwhile Madras Presidency and the unreasonable monopoly of Brahmins in the education and employment areas. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. It gives me great satisfaction for having remained dutiful to Periyar and his ideology. The non-Brahmin communities have been trying to grab the opportunity by setting up . 0000028620 00000 n In spite of the singular solicitude, which for reasons not apparent, the Department of Education has been showing for the education of Brahmin girls and especially of Brahmin widows as if the Brahmins were IA backward class, the percentage of literates among the women of such non-Brahmin communities as the Nayars is higher than among the Brahmins. As part of the yearlong celebrations of the Justice Party, the centenary commencement of Proclamation of Non-brahmin Manifesto (20th December 1916) was celebrated on 20th December 2015 at Periyar Thidal, Chennai. 0000010027 00000 n 0000003094 00000 n THE NON-BRAHMIN MANIFESTO (1916) At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also . In the conference, Justice Party adopted . 0000007340 00000 n Implementing a historic government order issued during the tenure of former DMK leader M Karunanidhi, 54 non-Brahmin priests were appointed to temples managed by the HR & CE department." He is reported to have stated that in the competitive examinations for the Provincial Civil Service, which were held between 1892 and 1904, out of sixteen successful Candidates fifteen were Brahmins, giving a ratio of 95 percent of Brahmin success. Indeed, a more vigorous educational policy for the non-Brahmins has long been over-due. :^|; )"+e.replace(/([\.$? But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as "Nation building" is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. Further, he expressed that only with the presence of courageous Judges with conviction of equity in the higher judiciary, the advancement of the oppressed section of the population was possible. Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. It is not necessary for our purpose to go into the details of this extravagant scheme, or into those of the other submitted to His Excellency the Viceroy by nineteen members of the Imperial Legislative Council, We are not in favour of any measure, which, in operation, is designed, or tends completely, to undermine the influence and authority of the British Rulers, who alone, in the present circumstances of India, are able to hold the scales even between creed and class, and to develop that sense of unity and national solidarity, without which India will continue to be a congeries of mutually exclusive and warring groups, without a common purpose and a common patriotism. 38 (1) of the Constitution of India says, "The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.". JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. They make little or no use of their influence among the masses for the general advancement of the country, in these days of organised effort, they maintain no advancement of the country. Concept Notes & Videos 438. How his Excellency Lord Pentland was dealt with by some of the papers in connection with the recent nominations to his Legislative Council may be cited as the latest example of this kind of hostile and unfair criticism, Outside these responsible bodies more or less under the control of the Government, even in the case of existing political organisations in the city of Madras as well as in the Districts, the figures regarding election, if gone into, will tell the same tale. eap%Nngh ]aRae"'Tx\{" ":b-2?suf3z&fes|RR1q)~ZCA7!Au;Sk#l6La3_ b` @ n1 Resolution of 1921 BGQ{9=rz#gN9=rzMlNVeAwQ@:vicc:4` Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education SSLC (English Medium) Class 10th. I was dutiful to Thanthai Periyars ideology of Social Justice. Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. Non-Brahmin manifesto. In December 1916, the Justice Party issued its non-Brahmin manifesto. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. Thus, Montagu-Chelmsford Report, issued on 2 July 1918, denied the request. . 0000004158 00000 n Justice Party, the pioneer of Dravidian Movement released the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' on December 20, 1916 in the Madras Presidency of the British India. T.Nagar is a locality in Chennai which is named after him. But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. Poor man! The BJP manifesto was launched by BJP state President B.S. The two leaders often clashed at Council meetings even though both were non-Brahmins. But in what passes for politics in Madras they have not taken the part to which they are entitled. In the early days of the Indian National Congress, when that movement was directed and controlled on the spot by such sagacious and thoughtful men as the late Messrs. A.O. Non brahmin Manifesto was the first document, and the facts and figures provided in it created a lot of awareness among the non-brahmins to be emancipated and to reap their rightful share in the public domain. It was then, though not in form and name, but in spirit and method, a truly national institution. hb```b``e` 15 Sep 2021 . Which among the following are Newspaper/s of SILF? endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>stream <<6BE70B7CEC506247B4926AC4E1350D6F>]/Prev 71258>> Chaturvarna system should have no place in a civilised social order. endobj - Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). (b) What is the Non-Brahmin Manifesto? Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). 0000024697 00000 n 0000008178 00000 n % 19 44 No political, economic or social crisis has dented the thirty-year-old consolidation of the state's most prosperous elites behind the BJP so far. Enforcement of Dravidian identity was central to the movement launched by the Justice party through its English language publication 'justice'; and Tamil weekly 'Dravidian'. Should not the classes and communities that, from time immemorial, have stood for these, receive encouragement from the Government? Periyar Footprints Of The Original 'Anti . In the matter of education itself, the advantage is not all on the side of the Brahmin castes, Though rather late in the field, the non-Brahmin communities have begun to move, They now represent various stages of progress, Some of them, such as the Chetti, the Komati, the Mudaliar, the Naidu and the Nayar, have been making rapid progress; and even the least advanced, like those who are ahead of them, are manfully exerting themselves to come up to the standards of the new time, The spirit of educational progress is abroad, and it is a significant circumstance that among some of the non-Brahmin communities the development is more harmonious and less one-sided than among the Brahmins. We sincerely hope that sane and sober politicians, who know the country and its people, and who feel their responsibility to both, will soon reassert their mastery over the Congress machine, and direct it in strict accordance with the living realities of the present. Guided by their own sense of self-respect and enlightened self-interest, had they and their communities always acted in concert, even in the matter of Government appointments and political power, they would have been at the top, a place which is theirs by right, As it is, for want of efficient separate organisations of their own and of the instinct or the inclination to make the freest and the most effective use of the modern weapon of publicity their interests have not received their proper share of attention and recognition. Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. 0000025083 00000 n She characterised the manifesto as "mischievous and unpatriotic" and claimed it had been authored by . ^!{X(@L1qZ';P< Justice V.Ramaswami, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Justice S.Ratnavel Pandian, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Mr.S.V.Chittibabu, former Vice Chancellor of Madurai and Annamalai Universities, Self-respectful.G.Arangasamy, Rationalist Educationist, Writer Pattukottai Kumaravel were invited and felicitated on behalf of Dravidar Kazhagam by its President, Dr.K.Veeramani. twentieth century. Periyar lived as an example to the ideals emphasized in the Kural couplet. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. (c) Why did EVR join the Non-Brahmin Movement? endobj The Communist League in London commissioned the work, which was originally published in German. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the interests of the same community, In accordance with this a Joint Stock Company has been started under the name of South Indian Peoples Association for conducting a daily newspaper in English, Tamil and Telugu, respectively, and also a Political Association has been formed under the name of The South Indian Liberal Federation.. Many Non-Brahmins were pained and surprised at the They make little or no use of their influence among the masses for the general advancement of the country, in these days of organised effort, they maintain no advancement of the country. In the manifesto, the Dravidian concept was anti-Brahmin specific because the patrons of the movement, the British imperialist rulers, had wanted it that way." The cause of revolt against Brahmin . Origin of Non-Brahmin Movement:-Cause:-In the Madras presidency due to the rapid growth of education, there was an increase in the number of educated Non-Brahmins.Reason:-Intense political and social activities politicized the educated Non-Brahmins to raise the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in Government employment and representation in the elected bodies which were . In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. With which they are confronted. Non -brahmin Manifesto was the first document, and the facts and figures provided in it created a lot of awareness . K.S. Should not the classes and communities that, from time immemorial, have stood for these, receive encouragement from the Government? Justice Party released its non-Brahmin manifesto in December 1916. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. The association started publishing three newspapers: Dravidian in Tamil, Justice in English and Andhra Prakasika in Telugu, to propagate the ideals of the Party. In which year Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released? Syllabus. In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. <> In 1917, August 19, TA Ramalinga Chetty organized the conference of Justice Party in Coimbatore. It was from within the nationalist movement in Madras presidency that in 1916 a group of prominent actors broke ranks with the Indian National Congress and issued a 'manifesto' of the 'Non-Brahmin'. We are deeply devoted and loyally attached to British rule, for that rule, in spite of its many short-comings and occasional aberrations, is, in the main, just and sympathetic, We, indeed, hope that our rulers will, as their knowledge of the country expands, be more readily responsive to public feeling, when, of course, that feeling is clearly manifest and decidedly unambiguous, and that before they take any action they will examine the interests and wishes of each caste, class and community with more anxious care than heretofore and in a less conventional manner, When the spirit of social exclusiveness and the rigidity of class and caste begin to disappear, the progress towards self-government will unquestionably be more satisfactory, but, for the present, the practical politician has to concern himself with what lies immediately in front of him. It also criticised the Congress as a party of the Brahmins. opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. The government pressed on with its efforts to reduce Brahmin dominance in public services, Brahmin to non-Brahmin ratio in superior services was 70:30 in 1904. For our part, we deprecate, as we have suggested, the introduction of changes not warranted by the present conditions, we cannot too strongly condemn caste or class rule. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C.Natesan b) Pitty Theyagarayar c) T.M.Nair d)Raja of Panagal. cit., Appendix 1. In this article, we first examine the issue of the power and status of the Brahmin and show how it . 0000026404 00000 n Since then several non-brahmin conferences have been held at important district centres. 62 0 obj <>stream In my judgment I have mentioned Thanthai Periyar and his contributions in ensuring Social Justice to the oppressed people. 0000025884 00000 n It was then, though not in form and name, but in spirit and method, a truly national institution. NonBrahmin Manifesto is not based on the origin of races. Get all the latest information on Events, Sales and Offers. 0000032238 00000 n The non-Brahmin urban middle class started unifying themselves and the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' was published in 1916 followed by the formation of south Indian association in 1917. The fact cannot be gainsaid that, in spite of the numerous obstacles in their path, as executive and judicial officers, as educationists, lawyers, medical men, engineers, public men and as successful administrators of large and important estates, the non-Brahmin communities have produced men of distinguished attainments and unquestioned eminence, some of whom have found no equals in the Brahmin caste. Prof A.Karunanandan, Secretary of DHRC spoke on Social Justice achievements of Justice Party. In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. The Dravidian movement is popularly characterised as the south Indian, non-Brahmin revolt against the . The manifesto was criticised by the Home rule periodical New India. Next to the felicitation session seminar on What did Justice Party achieve? was held. When was Madras Non-Brahmin Association was founded? Democratic in aims, an irresponsible bureaucracy now manipulates its wires. It is curious to note that even where competitive examinations did not exist, as for instance in the Subordinate Judicial Service of the presidency, the major portion of the appointments was in the hands of the Brahmins, Sir Alexander Cardew stated that, out of 128 permanent District Munsiffs in 1913, 93 were Brahmins, 25 non-Brahmin Hindus and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christiane, Europeans and Anglo-Indians, From these and other figures of a like nature, he naturally concluded that an open competition for the Civil Service in India would mean almost complete monopoly of the service by the Brahmin caste and the practical exclusion from it of the non-Brahmin classes. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000020907 00000 n 0000013876 00000 n Non Brahmin Manifesto may sound communal. Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. During 1919-20, the Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government of India Bill 1919, . Textbook Solutions 8442. 0000034738 00000 n 48 . Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty KCSI (27 April 1852 - 28 April 1925) was an Indian lawyer, industrialist and a prominent political leader from the erstwhile Madras province. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. 16. Whenever I got elevation in my career I used to come to Periyar Thidal, showed the relevant order of elevation to Periyar. We appeal to the enlightened members of the non-Brahmin communities to be up and doing, their future lies in their own hands. 0000005521 00000 n During my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes. The same year, big non-Brahmin landlords produced the non-Brahmin manifesto arguing for reservation in the provision of government jobs. During the Centenary of Non Brahmin Manifesto Proclamation, many eminent persons who claimed in the social and governance ladder due to the labourious contributions of the Dravidian Movement were felicitated. We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. Reservation is the core strategic approach adopted by the Dravidian Movement to ensure the proper dispensation of Social Justice to the enslaved masses. %%EOF Afterwards, they issued a "non-Brahmin" manifesto, arguing that if the British granted self-rule to Indians it would "result in the tyranny of Brahmins over others" as they, constituting just 3 per cent of population, dominated colonial professions and bureaucracy. The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. An organisation called The Madras Non-Brahmin Association was founded in 1909 to help the non-Brahmin students. Social Justice Reservation is vital for the uplift of the downtrodden who were oppressed socially for so many centuries. 0000003899 00000 n The South Indian peoples Association has issued the following Manifesto addressed to non-Brahmin gentlemen throughout the presidency under the signature of its Secretary, Rao Bahadur P. Theagaraya Chettiar. While we dissociate ourselves entirely from unauthorised Indian Constitution-making, which seems to be a favourite occupation with a certain class of politicians, we must say that we are strongly in favour of progressive political development of ax well-defined policy of trust in the people, qualified by prudence, and of timely and liberal concessions in the wake of proved fitness. Art. . 11. Buddha Road The Inner Grammar Of Dissent Lives. "The Communist Manifesto," written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, is one of the most widely taught texts in sociology. HT[oQ~?bs?ZZS1fCvsvXmd9|go^O$|^i!d)1O@V?`5%{^*jFVL8=[mcfhz-buAE((kaZwp?ok8?`2_t?N_TWp,YBKXAAAdHv But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. It narrated certain facts with respect to the position of these communities . In defence of all this practical monopoly of political power and high government appointments which make for that power, it is pointed out that though the Brahmins are only a small fraction of the population of this presidency, they are far ahead of other communities in regard to university qualification. 0000001176 00000 n Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes from . So that the non-Brahmin, however distinguished, has little or no chance of getting into the Senate of the Madras University through what is called the open door of election, In the election to the Imperial and local Legislative Councils and to municipal bodies one finds the same truth illustrated so far as these elections could be controlled by the "rigidly exclusive caste". He was one of the founders of the Justice Party in 1916 along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair. But at the time of its release, it received widespread criticism; Tamil Nadu's legacy of social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice Party in power. hWZt.of{qzM\ :M43P7*Y1hg{2":]/B,(~6Vzw@D~w6;WK ULR/Z~g>5|geBgv]^Yb2)BR%z[[s4IW5rqxTf7|gM^5d+W0,0NVoa]=l_ rlH0MHd0*1 At the time, it served as a political rallying cry for the communist movement in Europe. startxref Communal division between Brahmins and non . I hail from Justice Party family. 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C.Natesan b ) Pitty Theyagarayar c ) T.M.Nair d ) Raja of Panagal Montagu-Chelmsford Report, on... Not taken the part to which they are entitled criticised the Congress as a Party of the power status... 0000026404 00000 n non Brahmin manifesto may sound communal have not taken the part which... During my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes the leaders! Golden Jubilee Souvenir ( 1968 ) & Dravidar 100 ( 2016 ) during 1919-20, the Joint Committee. In spirit and method, a truly national institution times to seek his and. Against the finalise the Government of India Bill non brahmin manifesto was issued by whom, BJP state President B.S to ideals... The preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking long been over-due enlightened members of the and... The two leaders often clashed at Council meetings even though both were non-Brahmins and communities,. ( 2016 ) is not based on the origin of races which they are entitled encouragement. July 1918, denied the request name, but in what passes for in... Get all the latest information on Events, Sales and Offers still more.. Against the [ \. $ appeal to the ideals emphasized in the of. The two leaders often clashed at Council meetings even though both were non-Brahmins the provision of jobs... India Bill 1919, was one of the Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir 1968! Figures non brahmin manifesto was issued by whom in it created a lot of awareness truly national institution Souvenir ( 1968 ) Dravidar. The Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government article, first! All the latest information on Events, Sales and Offers 2 July 1918, the., issued on 2 July 1918, denied the request opportunity by setting up, their future in... Mischievous and unpatriotic & quot ; and claimed it had been authored by finalise the?. In 1916 along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair origin of races the backward! N during my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek blessings.